February 28 2025
The term March Madness is more than college basketball. Our weather is known to take wild turns, especially during this month. It’s built into our culture with the adage, “In like a lion, out like a lamb”. The reverse also holds true. This month is also known for being quite windy as we switch from winter to spring.
Meteorological Spring begins on March 1 as we group seasons in blocks of three complete months. The other definition is Astronomical Spring which starts on the Spring Equinox which is March 20 this year. This gap is symbolic of remnant season that often still had a lot to say for many weeks to follow. Basically, history shows us that winter is not necessarily over.
Before we dive in, I want to clarify a few things also on the way:
The longer days AND higher sun angle aid both in warming the air and the ground. So is winter over? Well, we can get snow (and often have), but it becomes more challenging for an impact. Stickage is limited to heavy intensity or falling overnight in the dark hours.
So before locking in on winter ending or not, I would like you to read on and decide.
I have been asked by many to help recall one big winter storm or another weather event in our region during this transition month. Others have shared personal stories about how a March storm caught them by surprise. These include blizzards, legitimate visits from the Polar Vortex, and even heatwaves.
So I dug deep into the records to find all I could about the most memorable or documented snow events for our region.
This is not promise nor potential, just a look at the past. Given this pathetic winter display, you can call it a pipe dream. As I was doing my research, I was wondering if it was better to go in order of days of the month, or chronologically by year. I decided to go by year, but you will see that extreme weather has been scattered throughout the 31 days on the calendar.
In reference to Baltimore, the most extreme weather of any date on the calendar was just 3 years apart!
1990 March 12-15 Record Highs; March 24 Record Snow
Note: Below, I reference the NESIS, The Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale
This has occurred six times since 1883!
When I was in college, I interned at WNET, the PBS station in New York City. I was writing a weather series that began with the premise that this snowstorm in 1888 changed history.
At the time, the mass transit consisted of elevated railroads. The Blizzard of 1888, also known as the Great White Hurricane left countless stranded on those trains. It was the final push to develop the underground subway system to be protected from weather. It also shut down the NY Stock Exchange for 2 days! That didn’t happen again for a weather event until Superstorm Sandy in 2012.
In the photo archive below, countless people were needed to help shovel out trains at Grand Central ‘Depot’.
This storm bottomed out at 980 mb, equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane.
It was responsible for 400 deaths, and a modern day equivalent of $750 million dollars in damage, $20 million in New York City alone. Drifts were reported 30 to 40 feet high, over the top of 3-story homes between New York and New England.
This is a ‘Weather Bureau’ surface weather map from 10 PM on March 12, 1888.
Washington to Baltimore had over 1/2 foot of snow and ice and winds to 48 mph. This took down utility poles and cut off communication all the way up the coast to New York for over a week.
In Baltimore, the low tides grounded ships at their docks. Without telegraph, officials reverted to sending messages by signal lamps from one old watch tower to another.
On the Chesapeake Bay, the water was at its lowest tide on record, preventing ships from sailing up it. Most of the craft that were on the bay were driven to shore in the winds causing serious damage or complete loss.
At least 40 mariners died, most of whom were on oyster dredges that either capsized or were thrown onto the shore. On the coast of Maryland and Virginia, there was flooding that submerged an entire island washing away a large herd of cattle that had been wintering there.
On March 22, the temperature reached 90°F in Northwest Washington, DC and 88°F in College Park.
The next day, DC recorded 93°F and on the 29th 90°F again. The average temperature for the last 10 days of March was 62°F.
By April 2, the minimum temperature fell to 23°F and for the first 22 days of the month, the temperature averaged only 44°F. The cool spell continued through May and June.
National Weather Service Report: The warm temperatures early in the year caused an early bloom on the fruit trees in the state. The sudden downfall of temperatures in early April caused great damage to the crop for the year.
I do not have a map of this event.
Just one year later, another snowstorm occurred in the month of March. But this was the most unique.
I have been showing this in my FITF School Assemblies as one of the strangest winters. After a slow winter, Baltimore ended February with only 4.1” of snow. This March 29 single day snow record of 21.9” is still a record for the date. At the time it was the most snow the city has seen in 20 years!
It was more than a single average season snowfall in a single event!
This ranks as the 6th most snow on record for the city!
On the flip side, after all this snow talk, let’s look the other way.
This winter brought 17 inches of snow, just below average.
This March led to 2 heat waves!
March 16 to 20: 80ºF each day.
This is a different spin on Atmospheric Memory, but definitely a pattern that may rank with the December 5th first snow date most years in the 2000 decade.
Also worth noting: The 1950s decade was the lowest average snowfall on record in Baltimore. Records began in 1883.
This event does not hold a record for Baltimore, just the marginal event. I’ve added a magnified enhancement over Maryland.
This was a 3-day event that had its highest impact across central Maryland to eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
Baltimore has one daily record still on the books for March 19 at 4.7”, but the total event for the city was between 10 to 20 inches!
This NESIS map shows north central Maryland to southern Pennsylvania received between 20 and 30+ inches of snow. This is a great display of how a short distance can make a big difference in snow. It has happened in our region for many decades, even in the 1950s!
Two years after the rare March snowstorm, ANOTHER hit!
On March 3, Baltimore measured 10 inches for a daily record.
This storm affected the entire Mid Atlantic and New England. The NESIS ranked this a Category 4. It brought 20 to 30 inches of snow to the Northeast including metro New York to Boston.
Just two years after two rare March snowstorms, this was the trifecta. Here another 10 inches of snow was measured in Baltimore for a record on this date.
I can not find a map for this event
This is the highest ranked NESIS Category 5 Storm, and one of the reasons for developing that ranking system.
March 13 Baltimore received a daily record 11.3 inches of snow, with ice on top. Over 20 inches fell to the northwest on Carroll County. Over 24 inches in the mountains of Frederick County, while western Maryland’s Garrett County recorded 30 inches of snow from this storm!
Record Low Pressure was measured in the state at the time.
LOCAL SNOW MAP
I was at Cornell University during this event. I have a vivid memory going to my meteorology department to read computer models, and almost not making it home walking through campus in the white-out. It was my first truly disorienting snow experience.
The Washington area saw 8 inches to the southeast of the city, 13 inches in the District and within the Beltway, and 18 inches north and west of the city in Loudoun, Frederick and portions of Montgomery Counties.
Unlike most winter storms that ride up the coast, this storm took a more inland track across Richmond and the Chesapeake Bay. Extreme southwest Virginia saw 30 to 42 inches of snow where some roofs collapsed under the weight of the snow.
Winds produced blizzard conditions over portions of northern Virginia and central and western Maryland with snow drifts up to 12 feet! Interstates shut down.
Shelters opened for nearly 4,000 stranded travelers and those that were left without heat and electricity.
The National Guard was called to help with emergency transport and critical snow removal. Eleven people died in Virginia, one in the District, and one in Maryland during and immediately following the storm. The deaths were mainly from heart attacks brought on by overexertion while shoveling snow or from exposure and hypothermia. Snow removal and clean-up costs were estimated at $16 million in Virginia, $22 million in Maryland, and $500,000 in the District of Columbia.
The Weather Channel from nearby Philadelphia
I chose this video so you can see the local weather report and how intense the storm conditions were in our region.
Record snow for Baltimore with 1.4”. This doesn’t sound like much, but it was the most for the last day of the month.
Five years later, another record snow fell at the end of the month. Baltimore received 2.6” of snow on this date.
This was a Southern Maryland Bonanza! Over 1 Foot of snow fell in southern Calvert and St. Mary’s Counties, with less farther north. Annapolis had over 5 inches, while Baltimore was in the 4 to 5 inch range… and less west in the mountains.
It was hard to compare to the record 1960 storm, but this was a widespread snowmaker that brought over 4 inches to Baltimore, while Seaford, Delaware hit the bullseye with over 10 inches.
A record 3.2 of snow fell on Baltimore this day.
Note: This was the year the Polar Vortex became a household name and rightly so. We had two experiences that winter with an air mass that froze the Chesapeake Bay all the way down by the Bay Bridge.
Credit: Doug Edmunds
It also happened so fast, ice balls formed on the shoreline by Cape St. Claire near Annapolis.
Just one year and one day after the coldest March day was observed, a record snowfall in Baltimore dropped 6.2 on BWI.
This was more of a New England event where over 10 inches of snow fell. Locally there was light snow in central Maryland with a general 1 to 3 inches. The northern suburbs to southern Pennsylvania received over 4 inches of snow.
Literally ANY KIND OF WEATHER can happen during March.
Many reports of late season snowstorms or arctic spells came after an early spring bloom, leading to a negative impact on flowers, fruit trees, and crops.
When I say to keep an open mind, this is the reason why.
I am writing this report after one of the warmest and least snowy winters on record. The computer model guidance has been lackluster beyond a few days. But despite the lack of snow events, all it can take is one storm in March to change seasonal recap.
To paraphrase the great Yogi Berra, winter “ain’t over till it’s over”.
He also said, “it ain’t the heat, it’s the humidity”. Personally I would like an opportunity to slow down the succession and hold that season off as long as possible. That is why I have Faith in the Flakes. Not blindly wish-casting, just a bit hopeful.
#FITF
How Faith in the Flakes got started
The Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (NESIS) developed by Paul Kocin and Louis Uccellini of the National Weather Service (Kocin and Uccellini, 2004) characterizes and ranks high-impact Northeast snowstorms. These storms have large areas of 10 inch snowfall accumulations and greater. NESIS has five categories: Extreme, Crippling, Major, Significant, and Notable.
The index differs from other meteorological indices in that it uses population information in addition to meteorological measurements. Thus NESIS gives an indication of a storm’s societal impacts. This scale was developed because of the impact Northeast snowstorms can have on the rest of the country in terms of transportation and economic impact.
Winter History: Low Snow And Late Starts
See my research based on Baltimore data since 1883.
Click on the maps for that full report.
Brief Recap Of The Record Snow For Virginia and the abrupt change from the longer range potential track.
click here or the map for more
Severe Weather: Storm Smart October and next spring Winter Weather FITF (Faith in the Flakes): November To March Click to see more and send a request for your school.
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I am aware there are some spelling and grammar typos and occasional other glitches. I take responsibility for my mistakes and even the computer glitches I may miss. I have made a few public statements over the years, but if you are new here, you may have missed it: I have dyslexia and found out during my second year at Cornell University. It didn’t stop me from getting my meteorology degree and being the first to get the AMS CBM in the Baltimore/Washington region. One of my professors told me that I had made it that far without knowing and to not let it be a crutch going forward. That was Mark Wysocki, and he was absolutely correct! I do miss my mistakes in my own proofreading. The autocorrect spell check on my computer sometimes does an injustice to make it worse. I also can make mistakes in forecasting. No one is perfect at predicting the future. All of the maps and information are accurate. The ‘wordy’ stuff can get sticky. There has been no editor who can check my work while writing and to have it ready to send out in a newsworthy timeline. Barbara Werner is a member of the web team that helps me maintain this site. She has taken it upon herself to edit typos when she is available. That could be AFTER you read this. I accept this and perhaps proves what you read is really from me… It’s part of my charm. #FITF
