March Snow History: The Madness Of Weather Potential This Month

The term March Madness is not reserved just for college basketball. Our weather is known to take wild turns, especially during this month. It’s built into our culture with the adage, “In like a lion, out like a lamb”.  It is also known for being quite windy as we switch from winter to spring.

Meteorological Spring begins on March 1, but the remnant season has often still had a lot to say for many weeks to follow. Basically, history shows us that winter is not necessarily over. An argument can be made that this year (2023) that it hasn’t started for many, but it isn’t over until… Well, I would like you to read on and decide.

I have been asked by many to help recall one big winter storm or another weather event in our region during this transition month. Others have shared personal stories about how a March storm caught them by surprise. These include blizzards, legitimate visits from the Polar Vortex, and even heatwaves.

So I dug deep into the records to find all I could about the most memorable or documented snow events for our region.

This is not promise nor potential, just a look at the past. Given this pathetic winter display, you can call it a pipe dream. As I was doing my research, I was wondering if it was better to go in order of days of the month, or chronologically by year. I decided to go by year, but you will see that extreme weather has been scattered throughout the 31 days on the calendar.

In reference to Baltimore, the most extreme weather of any date on the calendar was just 3 years apart!

• March 29, 1942: 21.9” snow
• March 29, 1945: 90ºF the all time hottest measured for the month.

 

Here are the TOP 18 events I will focus on below:

• 1888 March 11 to 13: The White Hurricane
• 1892 March 15 to 18: 2nd Largest Snowstorm For The Month
• 1907 March to April: Extreme Heat to Extreme Cold!
• 1921 March 28 to 29: Extreme Temperature Drop/Crop Fail
• 1941 March 7: Snowstorm
• 1942 March 29: Palm Sunday Snowstorm
• 1956 March 18 to 19: Snow Event
• 1958 March 18 to 21 Snowstorm
• 1960 March 2 to 5: Snowstorm
• 1962 March 6: ASH WEDNESDAY Snowstorm
• 1993 Mark 13 to 14: Superstorm NESIS Cat 5
• 1997 March 31 Snowfall
• 2003 March 30 Snowfall
• 2009 March 3 Snow NESIS
• 2013 March 25 Snow
• 2014 March 3 and 4 Polar Vortex Record Coldest For Entire Month
• 2015 March 5 Snow NESIS
• 2019 March 3 Snow

 

Note: Below I reference the NESIS, The Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale

 

Top Snow: March Single Days of 10” Or More

This has occurred six times since 1883

A Normal Month = 2.8”

 

1888 March 11 to 13

The White Hurricane

When I was in college, I interned at WNET, the PBS station in New York City. I was writing a weather series that began with the premise that this snowstorm in 1888 changed history.

At the time, the mass transit consisted of elevated railroads. The Blizzard of 1888, also known as the Great White Hurricane left countless stranded on those trains. It was the final push to develop the underground subway system to be protected from weather. It also shut down the NY Stock Exchange for 2 days! That didn’t happen again for a weather event until Superstorm Sandy in 2012.

In the photo archive below, countless people were needed to help shovel out trains at Grand Central ‘Depot’.

 

This storm bottomed out at 980 mb, equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane.

It was responsible for 400 deaths, and a modern day equivalent of $750 million dollars in damage, $20 million in New York City alone. Drifts were reported 30 to 40 feet high, over the top of 3-story homes between New York and New England.

This is a ‘Weather Bureau’ surface weather map from 10 PM on March 12, 1888.

Locally:

Washington to Baltimore had over 1/2 foot of snow and ice and winds to 48 mph. This took down utility poles and cut off communication all the way up the coast to New York for over a week.

National Weather Service Archives:

In Baltimore, the low tides grounded ships at their docks. Without telegraph, officials reverted to sending messages by signal lamps from one old watch tower to another.

On the Chesapeake Bay, the water was at its lowest tide on record, preventing ships from sailing up it. Most of the craft that were on the bay were driven to shore in the winds causing serious damage or complete loss.

At least 40 mariners died, most of whom were on oyster dredges that either capsized or were thrown onto the shore. On the coast of Maryland and Virginia, there was flooding that submerged an entire island washing away a large herd of cattle that had been wintering there.

 

1892 March 15 to 18

March 18 – The single day record of 12 inches still holds for Baltimore.

The 3-day total was 16 inches. This was the second snowstorm of the month for the region.

This March still ranks as the most snow for Baltimore with a total of 25.6”.

 

1907 Late March To April EXTREME CHANGE

On March 22, the temperature reached 90°F in Northwest Washington, DC and 88°F in College Park.

The next day, DC recorded 93°F and on the 29th 90°F again. The average temperature for the last 10 days of March was 62°F.

By April 2, the minimum temperature fell to 23°F and for the first 22 days of the month, the temperature averaged only 44°F. The cool spell continued through May and June.

 

1921 March 29 EXTREME CHANGE

• March 28 – Noon temperature in Washington was 83ºF.
• March 29 – Morning temperature was 26ºF.  A drop of 56 degrees in less than 24 hours.

 

National Weather Service Report: The warm temperatures early in the year caused an early bloom on the fruit trees in the state. The sudden downfall of temperatures in early April caused great damage to the crop for the year.

1941 March 7 Snowstorm

A record 10 inches of snow fell on Baltimore.

I do not have a map of this event.

 

1942 March 29 Palm Sunday Snowstorm

21.9 inches of snow!

Just one year later, another snowstorm occurred in the month of March. But this was the most unique.

I have been showing this in my FITF School Assemblies as one of the strangest winters. After a slow winter, Baltimore ended February with only 4.1” of snow. This March 29 single day snow record of 21.9” is still a record for the date. At the time it was the most snow the city has seen in 20 years!

It was more than a single average season snowfall in a single event!

This ranks as the 6th most snow on record for the city!

Washington, DC got 12 inches, Hagerstown, MD measured 22 inches in 24 hours!

 

 

1945 HEAT

On the flip side, after all this snow talk, let’s look the other way.

This winter brought 17 inches of snow, just below average.

This March led to 2 heat waves!

March 16 to 20: 80ºF each day.

Records Still In Place:

• March 16 = 85ºF
• March 17 = 85ºF
• March 20 = 85ºF

March 28 to 29: Second Heat Wave

• March 28 = 87ºF
• March 29 = 90ºF

 PATTERN: STORM EVERY 2 YEARS For 8 YEARS

This is a different spin on Atmospheric Memory, but definitely a pattern that may rank with the December 5th first snow date most years in the 2000 decade.

1956 March 18 to 19 Snowstorm

This event does not hold a record for Baltimore, but the marginal event. I’ve added a magnified enhancement over Maryland.

 

1958 March 18 to 21 Snowstorm

This was a 3-day event that had it’s highest impact across central Maryland to eastern Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Baltimore has one daily record still on the books for March 19 at 4.7”, but the total for the city was between 10 to 20 inches.

This NESIS map shows north central Maryland to southern Pennsylvania received between 20 and 30+ inches of snow. This is a great display of how a short distance can make a big difference in snow. It has happened in our region for many decades, even in the 1950s!

 

1960 March 2 to 5 Snowstorm

Two years after the rare March snowstorm, ANOTHER hit!

On March 3, Baltimore measured 10 inches for a daily record.

This storm affected the entire Mid Atlantic and New England. The NESIS ranked this a Category 4.  It brought 20 to 30 inches of snow to the Northeast including metro New York to Boston.

 

1962 March 6 ASH WEDNESDAY Snowstorm

Just two years after two rare March snowstorms, this was the trifecta. Here another 10 inches of snow was measured in Baltimore for a record on this date.

I can not find a map for this event

 

1993 Superstorm!

This is the highest ranked NESIS Category 5 Storm, and one of the reasons for developing that ranking system.

March 13 Baltimore received a daily record 11.3 inches of snow, with ice on top. Over 20 inches fell to the northwest on Carroll County. Over 24 inches in the mountains of Frederick County, while western Maryland’s Garrett County recorded 30 inches of snow from this storm!

Record Low Pressure was measured in the state at the time.

LOCAL SNOW MAP

 

I was at Cornell University during this event and recall going to my department to read computer models, and almost not making it home walking through campus in the white-out. It was my first truly disorienting snow experience.

Over 200 people died!

The effects from 11 tornadoes in Florida and Alabama followed by snow.

A Storm Surge of 9 to 12 Feet killed 11 people on the Florida Panhandle.

Over 1 foot of snow fell on parts of Alabama to Maine.

NESIS MAP

 

 

National Weather Service Report:

The Washington area saw 8 inches to the southeast of the city, 13 inches in the District and within the Beltway, and 18 inches north and west of the city in Loudoun, Frederick and portions of Montgomery Counties.

Unlike most winter storms that ride up the coast, this storm took a more inland track across Richmond and the Chesapeake Bay. Extreme southwest Virginia saw 30 to 42 inches of snow where some roofs collapsed under the weight of the snow.

Winds produced blizzard conditions over portions of northern Virginia and central and western Maryland with snow drifts up to 12 feet! Interstates shut down.

Shelters opened for nearly 4,000 stranded travelers and those that were left without heat and electricity.

The National Guard was called to help with emergency transport and critical snow removal. Eleven people died in Virginia, one in the District, and one in Maryland during and immediately following the storm. The deaths were mainly from heart attacks brought on by overexertion while shoveling snow or from exposure and hypothermia. Snow removal and clean-up costs were estimated at $16 million in Virginia, $22 million in Maryland, and $500,000 in the District of Columbia.

Video Report:

The Weather Channel from nearby Philadelphia

I chose this video so you can see the local weather report and how intense the storm conditions were in our region.

 

1997 March 31

Record snow for Baltimore with 1.4”. This doesn’t sound like much, but it was the most for the last day of the month.

 

2003 March 30

Five years later, another record snow fell at the end of the month. Baltimore received 2.6” of snow on this date.

 

2009 March 3

This was a Southern Maryland Bonanza! Over 1 Foot of snow fell in southern Calvert and St. Mary’s Counties, with less farther north.  Annapolis had over 5 inches, while Baltimore was in the 4 to 5 inch range… and less west in the mountains.

 

 

It was hard to compare to the record 1960 storm, but this was a widespread snowmaker that brought over 4 inches to Baltimore, while Seaford, Delaware hit the bullseye with over 10 inches.

 

2013 March 25

A record 3.2 of snow fell on Baltimore this day.

 

2014 March 3 and 4 – Polar Vortex (Round 2)

RECORD COLD

March 3 = 5ºF at BWI

March 4 = 4ºF at BWI

This was the COLDEST temperature ever recorded for the month Baltimore.

Note: This was the year the Polar Vortex became a household name and rightly so. We had two experiences that winter with an air mass that froze the Chesapeake Bay all the way down by the Bay Bridge.

Credit: Doug Edmunds

 

It also happened so fast, ice balls formed on the shoreline by Cape St. Claire near Annapolis.

 

 

2015 March 5

Just one year and one day after the coldest March day was observed, a record snowfall in Baltimore dropped 6.2 on BWI.

 

2019 March 3 to 4

This was more of a New England event where over 10 inches of snow fell. Locally there was light snow in central Maryland with a general 1 to 3 inches. The northern suburbs to southern Pennsylvania received over 4 inches of snow.

 

 

 

Take Away

Literally ANY KIND OF WEATHER can happen during March.

Many reports of late season snowstorms or arctic spells came after an early spring bloom, leading to a negative impact on flowers, fruit trees, and crops.

When I say to keep an open mind, this is the reason why.

I am writing this report after one of the warmest and least snowy winters on record.  The computer model guidance has been lackluster beyond a few days. But despite the lack of snow events, all it can take is one storm in March to change seasonal recap.

To paraphrase the great Yogi Berra, winter “ain’t over till it’s over”.

He also said, “it ain’t the heat, it’s the humidity”. Personally I would like an opportunity to slow down the succession and hold that season off as long as possible.  That is why I have Faith in the Flakes. Not blindly wish-casting,  just a bit hopeful.

#FITF

Also See:

How Faith in the Flakes got started

 

 

About NESIS

The Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (NESIS) developed by Paul Kocin and Louis Uccellini of the National Weather Service (Kocin and Uccellini, 2004) characterizes and ranks high-impact Northeast snowstorms. These storms have large areas of 10 inch snowfall accumulations and greater. NESIS has five categories: Extreme, Crippling, Major, Significant, and Notable.

The index differs from other meteorological indices in that it uses population information in addition to meteorological measurements. Thus NESIS gives an indication of a storm’s societal impacts. This scale was developed because of the impact Northeast snowstorms can have on the rest of the country in terms of transportation and economic impact.

 

Winter History: Low Snow And Late Starts

See my research based on Baltimore data since 1883.

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STEM Assemblies/In School Fields Trips Are Back

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Normals And Records: Maryland and Baltimore Climate History

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